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Do energy storage systems need reactive power?

While energy storage systems primarily address frequency fluctuations by injecting or absorbing active power, they must also support reactive power to maintain voltage levels within acceptable limits (Katigbak et al., 2023), (Wang et al., 2023). Excessive reactive power demand can strain the grid and potentially cause voltage instability.

How do you determine the optimal location for energy storage systems?

The determination of the optimal location for energy storage systems is a multi-faceted process that involves evaluating frequency sensitivity, voltage profiles, and impedance characteristics across the grid's buses. These factors are important in ensuring the system's ability to respond effectively to disturbances and maintain stability.

Can hybrid energy storage systems address the need for IR and PFR?

A study in (Akram et al., 2021), proposes a methodology for sizing Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) to address the need for inertia response (IR) and primary frequency response (PFR) in low-inertia grids.

How does reactive power affect grid stability?

The reactive power requirements of the grid must adjust to accommodate the increased active power flow, ensuring that voltage levels remain within acceptable limits. This interplay between active and reactive power is crucial for maintaining grid stability.