Technical FAQs 4

Are zinc–manganese dioxide batteries cathode-free?

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. Zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn–MnO 2) batteries, pivotal in primary energy storage, face challenges in rechargeability due to cathode dissolution and anode corrosion. This review summarizes cathode-free designs using pH-optimized electrolytes and modified electrodes/current collectors.

Are aqueous zinc-ion batteries the future of energy storage?

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are emerging as a promising option for next-generation energy storage due to their abundant resources, affordability, eco-friendliness, and high safety levels. Manganese-based cathode materials, in particular, have garnered significant attention because of their high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness.

What is a zinc–manganese battery?

Zinc–manganese batteries are typically dry cells that can be bought from supermarkets. The evolution from non-rechargeable zinc–manganese dry cells to zinc–manganese flow batteries (Zn–Mn FBs) signifies a crucial step towards scalable and sustainable energy storage.

Are aqueous zinc-iodine flow batteries promising?

Among the array of prospective systems, aqueous zinc-iodine flow batteries (Zn-I FBs) manifest promising potential due to low cost, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical volumetric capacity (268 Ah L −1) (Fig. 1a) 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.

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Zinc-manganese ion flow battery

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A highly reversible neutral zinc/manganese battery for

Nov 14, 2019 · Unlike the alkaline electrolytes, a neutral flow system can effectively avoid the zinc dendrite issues. As a result, a Zn–Mn flow battery demonstrated a CE of 99% and an EE of

Recent Progress in Cathode-Free Zinc

Apr 23, 2025 · Zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn–MnO2) batteries, pivotal in primary energy storage, face challenges in rechargeability due to cathode

Advancements in Manganese-Based Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage solution due to their eco-friendly aqueous electrolytes, high theoretical capacity of zinc anodes, and abundant

Tuning the solvation structure of zinc ions via urea enables

Oct 15, 2025 · This work proposes a novel strategy utilizing urea as a bifunctional anolyte additive for zinc‑manganese (Zn Mn) flow batteries to regulate dead zinc formation and mitigate

Advances in manganese-based cathode

Feb 28, 2025 · Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are emerging as a promising option for next-generation energy storage due to their abundant

Recent Advances in Aqueous Zn||MnO2 Batteries

Jan 27, 2024 · Recently, rechargeable aqueous zinc-based batteries using manganese oxide as the cathode (e.g., MnO2) have gained attention due to their inherent safety, environmental

Advances in manganese-based cathode electrodes for aqueous zinc-ion

Feb 28, 2025 · Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are emerging as a promising option for next-generation energy storage due to their abundant resources, affordability, eco-friendliness, and

Effective Proton Conduction in Quasi‐Solid

Nov 12, 2024 · Abstract Elusive ion behaviors in aqueous electrolyte remain a challenge to break through the practicality of aqueous zinc-manganese

Cation-regulated MnO2 reduction reaction enabling long-term stable zinc

Jan 7, 2025 · Cation-regulated MnO 2 reduction reaction enabling long-term stable zinc–manganese flow batteries with high energy density †

Long-life aqueous zinc-iodine flow batteries enabled by

Oct 21, 2025 · Aqueous zinc-iodine flow batteries show potential in large-scale storage but face water imbalance-induced instability. Here, authors develop a tailored ionic-molecular sieve

Cation-regulated MnO2 reduction reaction

Jan 7, 2025 · Cation-regulated MnO 2 reduction reaction enabling long-term stable zinc–manganese flow batteries with high energy density †

Reversible metal ionic catalysts for high-voltage aqueous hybrid zinc

Jan 1, 2023 · We report a high voltage aqueous hybrid zinc−manganese flow battery with double-membrane and three-electrolyte configuration, showing a high operating voltage of 2.75 V. To

Effective Proton Conduction in Quasi‐Solid Zinc‐Manganese Batteries

Nov 12, 2024 · Abstract Elusive ion behaviors in aqueous electrolyte remain a challenge to break through the practicality of aqueous zinc-manganese batteries (AZMBs), a promising candidate

Recent Progress in Cathode-Free Zinc Electrolytic MnO2 Batteries

Apr 23, 2025 · Zinc–manganese dioxide (Zn–MnO2) batteries, pivotal in primary energy storage, face challenges in rechargeability due to cathode dissolution and anode corrosion. This review

Advancements in Manganese-Based

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage solution due to their eco-friendly aqueous electrolytes, high

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